Artificial Intelligence And Future Of Legal Pratice.

Abstract:

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the computer system able to perform tasks that ordinarily require human intelligence. Artificial intelligence systems are powered by machine learning which involves the rules and information for using the data. As it is based on data service industries so it has become very popular and necessity. It is also taking part in daily issues as reminder for meetings, suggesting articles and news of our interest. Artificial Intelligence has potential, to modify the manner that human interact. It not only modify the manner with the digital world but also with one another. Not only about communications AI gives suggestions and solutions about various topics in different fields. The Artificial Intelligence has been growing with new variations like cognitive computing, decision making, machine learning, big data, expert system and recommender system.

 The article contains the History of AI, evolution of AI in the digital world,Introduction of AI, Role of AI in world, Types of AI, Role of AI in India, Role of AI in various fields, Role of AI in legal profession, positive aspects of AI in legal profession, challenges faced because of AI in legal profession, Impact of AI in legal profession,  Various AI tools frequently used in legal profession, legal implications and legal issues of AI in legal profession, top most trends of AI, Case study and articles, Does AI can replace Advocates and Judges in future? If so, what are the consequences, will it be same as in field of software, what is the future of legal profession in India, suggestions , conclusion of the article and my opinion.

Key Words:

1. Artificial Intelligence.
2. Cognitive computing.
3. Big data.
4. Machine language.
5. Expertise system.
6. Recommendation system.
7. Decision making.
8. Human like interactions.

Introduction:

Artificial Intelligence is developing rapidly like Alexa &Siri as well as other virtual assistant of Self Driving Cars.  It is the portrayed robots with human intelligence. Artificial Intelligence has transformed every professional sector including legal profession. Soft ware solution replacing paper work and data management. Globally, Legal business having rapid growth and technology advancement. Everything in open to be replaced by technology except some services which depends on the experience and judgment. According to the company named “Deloitte” “over 100,000 jobs in the legal sector have big chance of being automated in next twenty years”.

History of AI:

It may sometimes feel like AI is the recent development in technology. But, In reality the ground work of AI was bean in early 1900s. And although the biggest versions and changes weren’t made until 1950s, it wouldn’t have been possible to work of early experts in many different fields. Knowing the history of AI is important in understanding where AI is now and where it may go in the future. In this article let’s know more about the timeline of AI and evolution of AI.

What is Artificial intelligence?

Artificial intelligence is a specialty within computer science that is concerned with creating systems that can replicate human intelligence and the problem-solving abilities as a human. The artificial intelligence has gained these abilities by taking in a myriad of data, processing it, and learning from their past in order to streamline and improve in the future. A normal computer program would need human intelligence or human interference in order to fix bugs and improve the progress of Artificial intelligence and upgrade the new versions of Artificial intelligence.

The idea of “Artificial intelligence” goes back to thousands of years, to ancient philosophers considering questions of life and death. In ancient times, inventors made things called “automatons” which were mechanical and moved independently of human interventions.So while the idea of a machine being able to function on its own is ancient, for the purpose of this article further focuses on the 20^th century, when the scientists began to make the world into modern day AI.

AI technology now works faster and replace human output and have abilities to generate creative responses such as, texts, images, and videos. The speed at which AI continues to expand is unprecedented, and to appreciate how we got to this present movement, Its worthwhile to understand how it first began AI has the long history and long timeline in this article we will review some of the major events that occurred along with the help of the timeline of AI.

The beginning of AI and Time line of AI :

In the 1950s, computing machines essentially functioned as a large-scale calculators. In fact, when organizations like NASA needed the answer to specific calculations, like the they more regularly turned to human “computers” or terms of women tasked with solving those complex equations. Long before computing machines became the modern devices they are  today, a mathematician and computer scientist envisioned the possibility of artificial intelligence. This is where AI’s origins really began.

1. Enigma broken with AI (1942): The first lane in the timeline of Artificial intelligence was done in year 1942. The Bombe machine designed by Alan Turing during world war II this period was the Turing point in cracking the German communications encoded by Enigma machine.it helped in decoding the messages. Hence, this allowed the allies to react and implement strategies with in few hours.
2. Test of machine intelligence by Alan Turning (1950): Alan Turing was the world’s most renowned computer scientist and mathematician had posed yet another experiment to test for 9for the machine intelligence. The idea was made to understand machine language think accordingly and make decisions as rationally and intelligently as a human being.
3. The father of AI John McCarthy (1955): John McCarthy is the highlight of our history of artificial intelligence. He was an American Computer Scientist, coined the term artificial intelligence in his proposal for the Dartmouth Conference the first ever Artificial intelligence Conference held in year 1956. The objective of the conference was to design a machine that is capable of thinking and reasoning like a human being. He further created Lisp computer language in year 1958 which became standard AI programming language.
4. The industrial robot-Unimate (1961):Unimate became the first industrial robot created by George Devol. She was used on Germany Motors Assembly line to transport die casting and weld these automobiles. The workers had to be extremely cautious while performing this activity. Else, it could lead to poisoning or losing a limb. After Unimate’s success various industrial robots were introduced.
5. The first chatbot-Eliza (1964): The next innovation sets a mark as huge discovery amongst the timeline of Artificial Intelligence. Eliza- the first ever chatbot was introduced in 1960s by Joseph Weinbaum at the Artificial Intelligence laboratory at MIT. Eliza is a psychotherapeutic robot that gives pre-fed responses to the users. Such that, they feel they are talking to someone who understands their problems. The main idea is that the individual would converse more and get the notion that he / she is indeed talking to a psychotherapist.
6. Shakey the robot (1969): The next lined-up in this timeline of Artificial Intelligence is Shakey. Shakey is chiefly titled as the first general purpose mobile robot. It was able to reason with its own actions. The robot had a television monitor and whiskers to detect when it come close to any object. Interestingly the robot itself would plan the route it would take so that it could carefully manoeuvre around obstacles. Shakey is a communicated with the project teletype and CRT display. Shakey judges and reacted to the pranks as well.
7. The chatbot Alice (1995): ALICE was composed by Richard Wallace, and was released world wide on November 3^rd 1995. Although ELIZA was heavily inspired the bot there were major tweaks that made her a genuinely exceptional. It is strengthened by the National Language Processing (NLP), a major problem that converse with human by Appling algorithmic pattern-matching rules that enables the conversation to flow more naturally. Over years, ALICE has won many awards in three consecutive years (2000,2001 and 2004).Additionally ALICE has inspired the 2013 movie by Spike Jonze called her. The movie represents a relationship between a human and an artificial intelligent bot called Samantha.
8. Man vs Machine-Deep Blue beats chess legend (1997): This was indeed a game-changer in the timeline of Artificial Intelligence. Deep-Blue was a chess-playing computer developed by IBM. It was the ultimate battle of Man vs Machine to figure out who outsmarts whom. Kasparov the reigning chess legend was challenged to beat the machine- DeepBlue. Everyone glued to the game was left aghast that DeepBlue could beat the chess champion Garry Kasparov. This left human wondering how come a machine could easily outsmart humans in a variety of tasks.
9. The emotionally equipped robot-Kismet (1998): Kismet means fate it was one of the first robots able to equally demonstrate social and emotional interactions with humans. It has a cartoonish face and always had the ability to engage with the people and make them smile. They portrayed variety of emotions such as disgust, surprise, sadness, keen interest, calmness and infuriated.
10. The Vacuum Cleaning Robot-Roomba (2002):With the introduction of Roomba, cleaning at home became much more efficient, The vacuum can trap 99% of allergens with the vacuum’s High Efficiency Filter. So, once it finishes cleaning you have to empty the wastebasket. Not only that but the vacuum integrates with Amazon’s Alexa and Google’s Assistant so you can have the floors cleaned only using your voice and your preferred digital assistant.
11. Voice recognition feature on the iPhone and Siri (2008): This advancement gave users the power to quite literally voice their queries and concerns. Furthermore, the advancement was a minor feature update on an Apple iPhone, where users could use the voice recognition feature on the Google app for the first time. This step seemed small initially, but it had a significant breakthrough in voice bots, voice searches and voice Assistance like Siri, Alexa and Google Home. Eventually these voice assistants made a key feature of Artificial intelligence. Siri, eventually released by Apple on the iPhone only a few years later, is a testament to the success of this minor feature in year 2011, Siri was introduced as a virtual assistant and is specially enabled to use natural language user interface to answer questions, make recommendations and perform virtual actions as requested by the users. Later on as a conversational interface, personal context awareness and service delegation. A user can ask Siri to call send message, or perform other actions with the iPhone, MacBook, and Smart Watch apps.
12. The Q/A computer system IBM Watson (2011): In recent years. Watson’s calibre has evolved from just being a question answering computer system to a powerful machine learning assert to its company that can also ‘see’, ‘hear’, ‘read’, ‘interprets’, ‘learn’, ‘talk’, and ‘recommend’.
13. Alexa (2014): Next up, in the history of AI is Alexa. Alexa is a virtual assistant Artificial intelligence system, developed by Amazon , Alexa is available on smart watches, cars, speakers, tv and various other platforms Whenever the user says “Alexa”  the device conversely activates and perform the command. Alexa can play music, provide information, deliver news and sports , weather conditions and etc…
14. The first robot citizen-Sophia (2016): Hansen Robotics created Sophia, a humanoid robot with the help of Artificial Intelligence. Sophia can imitate humans facial expressions, language, speech skills and opinions on pre-defined topics and evidently designed so that she can get smarter over time.
15. The first AI music composer- Amper (2017): Amper become the first artificial intelligent musician, producer and composer to create an put out an album. Additionally, Amper brings solution to the musicians by helping them express themselves through original music. Its a new technology built using theory and AI innovation. Identically the song Break free marks the first collaboration between and actual human musician and AI.
16. The revolutionary tool for automated conversations gpt 3 (2020): GPT-3 short for generative pre-trained Transformer was introduced to the world earlier in May 2020 and it is truly transforming automation. It is a revolutionary tool used for automated conversations such as responding to any text that a person types into computer with the piece of text. This requires a few inputs texts to develop the sophisticated and accurate machine generated text. However GPT 3 is based on natural language (NPL), deep learning and open AI, enabling it to create sentence patterns not just human language text . It can also produce text summaries and perhaps even program code automatically.

Role of Artificial intelligence in various fields and various applications of Artificial Intelligence:

Artificial intelligence applications are software programs that use AI techniques to perform specified tasks. These tasks are from the range simple to complex, cognitive tasks that require human like intelligence. Artificial Intelligence applications are rapidly increasing common in a wide variety of fields such as health care, finance, retail, manufacturing, law and much more. These Artificial Intelligence applications are innovative and groundbreaking in the future as well.

Artificial Intelligence Applications:

There are many different applications of AI, some of them are as follows:

• Natural language processing (NLP): NPL its allows the computers to understand and generate human like languages. This technology is used in various type of applications are used in machine translation, spam filtering and sentiment analysis.
• Computer vision: Computer vision it allows computers to identify and interpret virtual content. This technology is used in various type of applications like self-driving car, facial identification and object detection.
• Machine learning (ML): ML allows the computers to learn from data and improve their performance over time. This type of technology is used in a variety of applications such as fraud detection, recommendations, and analysis.
• Robotics: Robotics is the branch of AI that deals with the designing, construction, and operating robots. These kind of applications are also used in manufacturing, healthcare and space exploration.

Artificial Intelligence in various fields:

Artificial intelligence in Business

AI now-a-days plays an important role in business intelligence as it is powered with AI tools which can help businesses collect, analyse, and visualize data in a more efficient and effective ways. It further leads to decision making, increased productivity and reduced costs. Some AI tools in Business Intelligence are as follows;

1. Data collection and storing it safe. This may hold business secrets
2. Data analysis to keep frequent check on the business with relevance with day to day trends.
3. Data visualization like online meeting about the business as mode of communication as well.
4. Decision making gives suggestions and recommendations as elder sibling and expert.

Artificial Intelligence in Health care

 AI is also playing an important role in field of Health care. It is powered with tools which can help doctors diagnosediseases, develop new treatments and to providepersonalized care to patents. Some of tools are as follows:

1. Disease diagnosis helps to identify rare of rare diseases and treat the patient.
2.  Treatment development techniques and therapies.
3. Personalized care for patients.
4. Artificial Intelligence in Education

AI could be used in education to personalize learning, improve student engagement and automate administrative tasks for schools and other organizations.

1. Personalized learning which helps student to find out in which area he or she is interested in as private tutor.
2. Improved student engagement builds frequent and interesting relationships as the student should not feel bored while studying. 
3. Automated administrative task day to day tasks to keep the passion alive.

Artificial Intelligence in Marketing

AI are also used in fields of Marketing which include:

1. Improved efficiencyAutomated tasks such as assembly and inspection.
2. Increased productivityOptimizing production process.
3. Improved qualityAI can be used to detect defects and improve quality control in marketing.

Artificial Intelligence in Finance

Artificial intelligence is also used in field of finance and financial services institutions in five general areas: personalized services and products, create opportunities, manage, risk and fraud, enable transparency and compliance, automate operations and reduce costs. Some of them are as follows:

1. Risk and fraud detectionDeceits suspicious, potential money laundering activities.
2. Personalized recommendations to make services better and bigger.
3. Document processing to accept the documents and find out any mistake or fraud

Artificial Intelligence in field of Law, Artificial Intelligence tools used by Lawyers, Methods used in field of Law and Changes in field of Law because of Artificial Intelligence (Advantages and Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence in field of Law)

Platforms like DoNotPay and ROSS Intelligence, provide preliminary legal guidance to individuals who cannot afford legal representation. These AI tools answer basic legal queries, help users understand their rights, and even assist with filling out legal documents, by offering real-time legal support[1]. Platforms like LegalZoom use (NLP) natural language processing to analyze legal requirements and ensure accuracy thus reducing dependency and burden on legal professionals as well as resulting in the minimization of error associated with human drafting by eliminating the concept entirely and operating on structured mechanisms. Another imperative aspect of legal research is case analysis. Further while AI can streamline legal processes, it cannot replace human judgment in complex legal matters. This can be achieved through human in loop policies in AI management, ensuring human oversight and control over the arbitrary AI mechanisms. Human-in-the-loop (HITL) policies in AI for access to justice ensure that while AI enhances efficiency, human oversight remains crucial in legal decision-making, this ensures accountability and redress mechanisms as if an AI system provides incorrect or unjust recommendations, individuals should have the right to appeal to human legal professionals and Governments and legal institutions must establish clear frameworks on liability when AI errors impact legal outcomes. The clear demarcation of responsibility will establish a sense of trust and security amongst individuals as well as in the AI policies being promoted. These policies involve a hybrid approach where AI assists legal professionals, but final judgments, legal advice, and critical interpretations are made by humans to uphold fairness, accountability, and ethical integrity.

Can Artificial Intelligence replace Lawyers and Judges?

No, AI is not that capable of replacing judges and lawyers but it can assist them and help them the reasons are as follows:

• Human judgment: Human judges use experience and situational awareness to make decisions which AI can not replace or replicate.
• Human values: Judges need to understand the human values and emotions which is much essential in field of law especially a natural principle of justice that is “Good conscience” which is not possible with the robots or chatbots.
• Discretion: Human judges act according to the discretion and humanity which Artificial Intelligence can not replace. As it is not full of human emotions and feelings. There is a lots of difference between human and human-like robots.

Suggestions for future development to make the field of Law more easy and accurate and conclusion:

 It becomes imperative to develop mobile and online access to AI legal services. It can also automate the screening of cases to match underprivileged individuals with pro bono lawyers, ensuring that justice is in it’s essence equally assured to all individuals. Further Strict data security regulations must be implemented to protect sensitive legal information processed by AI-driven tools, this increases AI accountability by creating an oversight through human in loop policies and promotes transparency in users further establishing it’s credibility and effectiveness.

This ensures the right to privacy be maintained throughout the process of AI integration into the legal framework. It is imperative to maintain human-AI collaboration in legal decision making, essentially AI should complement human legal professionals rather than replace them, ensuring ethical and just outcomes in legal proceedings. The use of AI should thus be strictly regulated to facilitate it’s collaborative criteria and potential. It then becomes crucial for Legal practitioners to receive training in AI tools and their implications to effectively integrate AI into their practice while maintaining ethical standards and fulfilling their obligations towards their clients.

This will aid in improving client interaction through analysis of past client interactions and tailor responses based on their legal needs, automate follow-ups and reminders for court dates, contract renewals, or compliance deadlines and also use AI-driven sentiment analysis to gauge a client’s emotional state and respond empathetically. Further AI chatbots can assist clients in multiple languages, breaking down language barriers ensuring access to justice for all individuals in society.

Voice-based AI tools can help illiterate or visually impaired individuals access legal services increasing it’s inclusivity for the marginalized and underprivileged sections in society and ensuring that the provisions under article 14 and 21 are respected for all citizens in our country. Further AI can suggest affordable legal aid options or connect clients with pro bono services increasing efficiency and providing clients will accurate and viable cost effective options to gain justice. AI-driven CRM (Client Relationship Management) systems help personalize interactions by keeping track of client history, preferences, and case details. Automated feedback surveys help law firms improve client satisfaction and AI powered insights can help lawyers anticipate client needs and offer proactive legal advice.

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[1] Stanford university: AI Goes to Court: The Growing Landscape of AI for Access to Justice

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Author Name- Shanmukha Priya